Current Affairs 05/09/2025
1. Where was the indigenous Vikram-3201 chip developed?
Answer : Chandigarh
Vikram-3201 – India’s Indigenous Microprocessor
The Vikram-3201 is a 32-bit microprocessor that is entirely designed and fabricated in India, making it the country’s first fully indigenous chip of its kind. It represents a major milestone in India’s semiconductor journey, especially in strategic and high-tech domains.
Development Center – Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL), Mohali
• Location: Mohali, near Chandigarh, Punjab.
• Managed by: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and works closely with ISRO.
• Specialization: Fabrication of high-reliability, radiation-hardened microchips suitable for space and defense applications.
• Significance: The lab is India’s premier facility for indigenous semiconductor manufacturing, reducing reliance on foreign microprocessors.
Key Features of Vikram-3201
1. 32-bit RISC architecture: Offers high computational efficiency with simpler instruction sets.
2. Radiation-hardened: Can withstand extreme space radiation and harsh environments, ideal for satellites and rockets.
3. Indigenous toolchain: Includes its own compiler, assembler, linker, and simulator, all developed in India.
4. Programming support: Initially supports Ada language, with plans to expand to C language for broader applications.
5. Fabrication technology: Built using 180-nanometer CMOS process at SCL Mohali.
Applications of Vikram-3201
• Space Missions: Already tested successfully in ISRO’s PSLV-C60 mission; suitable for satellites, lunar, and interplanetary missions.
• Defense Systems: Can be used in radars, missile guidance systems, and secure communication devices.
• Industrial & Scientific Applications: Potential for automation, robotics, and critical computing systems.
2. From which date did India remove passport/visa requirements for Nepal & Bhutan citizens?
Answer : 1 Sept 2025
India shares close historical, cultural, and economic ties with Nepal and Bhutan. While citizens of these countries could previously travel to India relatively freely, formal passport and visa requirements still applied. The government decided to remove these requirements to simplify travel and strengthen regional connectivity.
Effective Date
• 1st September 2025 marked the official date when the policy came into effect.
• From this date onward, Nepalese and Bhutanese citizens can enter India without a passport or visa.
Key Features of the Policy
1. Open Access: Citizens can travel to India via land or air through recognized entry points.
2. ID Requirement: Travelers are advised to carry a government-issued photo ID for verification at checkpoints.
3. Enhanced Mobility: The move facilitates tourism, business travel, and cultural exchanges.
Significance
• Promotes Tourism: Easier travel encourages visitors from Nepal and Bhutan to explore India’s tourist destinations.
• Strengthens Trade: Boosts border trade and cross-border business opportunities.
• People-to-People Ties: Supports students, workers, and families who travel frequently between these countries.
• Regional Cooperation: Reinforces India’s commitment to friendly relations in South Asia.
3.When was the 2025 China Victory Day Parade held?
Answer : 3 Sept
The 2025 China Victory Day Parade was held on September 3, 2025, in Beijing, marking the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II. China calls this event the Victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. The parade is both a commemoration of history and a showcase of modern military strength.
Significance of the Date
• September 3 is chosen to coincide with China’s official celebration of victory over Japan in 1945.
• The 2025 parade commemorated 80 years since the end of WWII, highlighting China’s historical sacrifices and triumphs.
• The event also serves as a symbol of national unity and patriotism.
Key Highlights of the Parade
1. Location and Scale:
• Held on Chang’an Avenue, leading to the iconic Tiananmen Square in Beijing.
• Over 12,000 troops from the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) marched, displaying discipline and coordination.
2. Leadership:
• Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and President of China, inspected the troops and delivered key speeches.
• The leadership presence underscores the political importance of the event.
3. International Dignitaries:
• Attended by world leaders including Russian President Vladimir Putin and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, signaling China’s geopolitical influence and diplomatic outreach.
4. Military Showcase:
• Featured cutting-edge military hardware, including hypersonic missiles, armored vehicles, and nuclear-capable systems.
• Demonstrated China’s modernization of armed forces and strategic capabilities.
5. Cultural and Historical Displays:
• The parade also included historical reenactments, honor guards, and massive military formations, blending patriotic education with spectacle.
• Music, banners, and performances reflected China’s pride in its WWII resistance and national development.
4. Where was the hydrogen-powered plasma torch technology developed?
Answer : South Korea
• Development: Created by the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) in South Korea.
• Purpose: Designed to efficiently process and recycle plastic and chemical waste while minimizing environmental impact.
• Technology: Uses hydrogen as fuel, making it more environmentally friendly compared to traditional plasma torches that rely on fossil fuels.
• Temperature: Can reach extremely high temperatures of 1,000–2,000°C, which is sufficient to break down almost any type of plastic or chemical material.
• Speed & Efficiency: Can convert mixed plastic waste into high-purity chemical products in less than 0.01 seconds, making the process extremely fast and energy-efficient.
• Environmental Benefit: Reduces harmful emissions, supports recycling, and provides a sustainable solution for managing plastic waste.
• Applications: Can be used in industrial waste management, chemical recycling, and sustainable energy projects.
5. What was the national women’s safety index score in NARI 2025 survey?
Answer : 65%
1. NARI 2025
The NARI survey is designed to measure, monitor, and improve the safety of women across India. It provides a quantitative score that reflects how safe women feel in public spaces, workplaces, and online environments, and evaluates how effectively local authorities respond to safety concerns.
2. National Women’s Safety Index Score
• The national benchmark score in 2025 was 65%.
• This means that, on average, Indian cities provide a moderate level of safety for women, but there is significant room for improvement.
• Cities are categorized relative to this score:
* Much Above Benchmark: Cities with excellent women’s safety measures.
* Above Benchmark: Cities performing better than average but with minor gaps.
* Below Benchmark: Cities requiring attention and reforms.
* Much Below Benchmark: Cities where women face serious safety challenges.
3. Parameters Evaluated
The NARI survey considers multiple dimensions of safety:
• Street and Public Safety: Availability of streetlights, CCTV, safe public transport, and well-patrolled public areas.
• Workplace Safety: Reporting mechanisms, harassment complaints handling, and women’s access to employment opportunities.
• Online Safety: Cybercrime prevention, digital harassment management, and awareness programs.
• Law Enforcement & Judiciary: Police responsiveness, ease of filing complaints, and conviction rates in crimes against women.
• Healthcare and Emergency Support: Access to medical help, counseling services, and helplines.